2007年11月26日
高三英语Unit 14 Zoology 知识点祥解
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高三英语Unit 14 Zoology 知识点祥解 1. To teach a fish how to swim．班门弄斧 2. The sparrow near a school sings the primer．潜移默化 3. Love me, love my dog 爱屋及乌 4. Look the barn door after the horse is stolen．亡羊补牢 5. He that will steal a pin will steal an ox．小时偷针, 大时偷金 6. Don’t count your chickens before they hatch．不要过早打如意算盘 7. as poor as a church mouse一贫如洗 8. Let sleeping dogs lie.勿惹事生非 9. I'm SO hungry that I could eat a horse．饥肠辘辘 10. Go home and kick the dog．回家生闷气 11. Separate the sheep from the goats．把好人与坏人分开 12. A lion in the way．拦路虎 13. One swallow doesn’t make a summer．一燕不成夏 14. A wolf in sheep’s clothing．披着羊皮的狼 15. Fine feathers make fine birds．人靠衣装,佛靠金装 16. You can’t make a crab walk straight．江山易改,本性难移 17. It rains cats and dogs．倾盆大雨 18. As stupid as a goose．蠢得像头猪 II. 单元词汇, 短语及知识点解析 1. A small animal that helps the police get hold of thieves. 一种能帮助警察捉贼的动物。 get hold of …= take/catch hold of …意思是“抓住…”；“获得…” get hold of …= take/catch hold of …意思是“抓住…”；“获得…” He took hold of the rope and pulled. 他抓住绳子用力拉。 I need to get hold of some money quickly.我需要马上就能有点钱 hold a conversation/meeting 进行交谈/开会 hold the line = hold on 别挂电话 hold … back 阻止… hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 2. An animal that isn’t telling the truth. 一种会撒谎的动物。 tell the truth“说实话”的意思，tell的相关类似短语有： tell a/the lie = tell lies 撒谎 tell a story 讲故事 3. You are going to hear an interview with a woman who works in a zoo。 你将听到对一位在动物园工作的妇女的采访报道。 interview 在这里是名词“采访”的意思，还有“面试”之意。 interview 在这里是名词“采访”的意思，还有“面试”之意。 The film star agreed to give an interview after the wedding.这位影星同意在婚礼后接受采访。 Your interview for the job is tomorrow你的求职面试定在明天 interview “采访”,要区别与cover的用法。interview 可以用interview sb. 或interview sth.但cover只能说cover sth. A reporter interviewed the prime minister.一位记者采访了首相。 She’s being interviewed for the job.她正在接受求职面试。 They sent a great many reporters to cover the conference 他们派遣了很多记者报道这次会议。 cover除了“采访”的意思外还有“用……遮盖；覆盖”“占有…（面积）;掩饰” “涉及…（内容）”等含义。请学习下面例句中cover 一词的各种用法 Since water covers most of the earth, Corsteau knew we should keep the seas clean. 由于水覆盖了地球的大部分，库斯托知道我们应该保持海洋清洁。 He tried to cover (up)his mistake. 他想掩盖他的错误。 He said he could cover the distance on foot in two hours. 他说这段路程两个小时能走完 How many pages have you covered? 你读了多少页了？ What are the main points you’re going to cover in your talk ? 你的报告主要涉及哪些内容。 We have only just covered our expenses. 我们所收入的仅够开支而已。 cover作名词，作“盖子”、“封面”解。 When the water boils, take the cover. 当水开的时候,把盖子揭开. The book needs a new cover . 这书需要装个新封面. 4.What’s the problem with the animals at the zoo? 动物园里的动物有什么问题？ What’s the problem with…=What’s the trouble with…=What’s the matter with… =What's your problem?=What's wrong with you? 都用来询问“…（你）怎么回事？” 5. The two teams take turns speaking. 两支队伍轮流发言。 take turns doing sth. “轮流干…”，turn是名词。 复习turn的用法 作名词用 It’s one’s turn to do sth轮到某人做某事 It's your turn to make a decision.该你来做出决定了。 turn one’s turn to do sth=do sth in turn=do sth by turns 作名词用：转动,转向,翻转 turn right/left=turn to the right/left turn to sth./sb.(for help) turn to page 84 作系动词用：变得…… turn green/yellow 变绿/黄了 题例 Ten years later，he turned ______ teacher. A. / B. a C. an D. the 注: 此题考查turn作连系动词的特殊用法,即turn作连系动词时后接表语名词，省略冠词.所以此题的答案为A.如果turn 后加into 则须在名词前加冠词a. 固定词组: turn against背叛 turn down 关小/拒绝 turn from side to side 把身体转来转去 turn in 上交 turn...into... (使……)成为…… turn off(水源、煤气、电灯等)/避开(问题等) turn on 开(水、煤气、 电灯、无线电等)/对……发怒 turn on the radio turn out结果是/证明是/生产出 turn over(使)打翻/翻身/翻动/翻耕(土地)/转危为安 turn up 开大/出现/找到/证明是(=turn out to be) 6.When all the teams are ready, the teacher will start and time the debate. 当所有队伍都准备好以后,老师就开始为辩论计时. time是动词，＂计时＂的意思，还有“安排好时间,使合拍子;安排……的速度＂ How long can you hold your breath underwater ? Take a deep breath and I’ll time you . 你在水下能潜多久呢？深呼吸一下，我给你计时。 He timed his journey so that he could arrive at the hotel before dark . 他安排好了他的旅程，以便能在天黑以前到达旅馆。 He tried to time his steps to the music.他尽力与音乐合节拍。 7. Professor Karl von Frisch, a scientist from Austria, spent many years of his life researching the amazing ways honey-bees communicate in their dark hives.奥地利科学家卡尔•冯•弗里希教授，一生中花去了许多岁月，研究蜜蜂在黑暗的蜂箱里是以怎样巧妙的方式传递信息的。 amaze vt. 使惊愕；使大为惊讶： He amazed everyone by passing his driving test.令人惊讶的是他竟通过了驾驶考试。 amazing “令人惊异的”；在西方人的口中，表示惊讶，经常可以听到amazing这个词。如果有些事情发生得出乎意料，难以置信，也可以用amazing来形容。 You’re amazing. 你真了不起。 It was amazing that the boy was able to solve the problem so quickly. 那男孩能这样快地解完这道题,真是令人惊奇。 有些漂亮或另类的东西，总能吸引许多眼球，就可以说是amazing things. I am always looking for new and amazing items.我总是在寻找让我眼前一亮的新东西。 amazed 使（某人）感到惊奇，常用be amazed at / by 感到惊奇。 He was amazed at all the colours, and all the beautiful fish. 他对五颜绿色和各种美丽的鱼感到惊奇。 We are amazed at the changes in Beijing. I can’t even find where my old house is. 北京的变化使我们感到惊奇。我几乎找不到旧房子了。 8. In order to tell the bees apart ,he painted some bees with little dots of colour. 为了把蜜蜂区分开，他在一些蜜蜂身上涂上色斑． tell...apart 识别，辨别 (复习) Can you tell Jane and Lucy apart? For they look so alike.你能区别开简和露丝吗?她们长得太像了。 tell A from B 把A与B区别开 Can you tell Tom from his twin brother? 你能把汤姆和他的双胞胎哥哥区别开吗？ It’s difficult for us to tell Lily from Lucy. 我们很难区分开莉莉和露丝。 9. They trooped behind the first dancer, copying its movement. 它们成群结队地跟在第一只跳舞的蜜蜂后面，模仿它的动作。troop ①n.一群，大量 A troop of children went into the Museum.一群学生走进了博物馆。 troops of visitors 一群一群的访问者 troops 军队，部队 The local people demanded the withdrawal of the foreign country troops. 当地的人们要求外国军队撤离。 ②vi.集合，群集；成群地涌向，结队而行 Children trooped out of /into the hall after the lecture.演讲结束后，孩子们成群地走出了/进教室。 10. over and over again=again and again=time and time again=over and over一再地，经常地，重复地 The old man always thinks of his happy old days over and over again. 这位老人总是一次又一次地回忆起以前的美好时光。 11. One was close to the hive. The other was much farther away ,beyond some trees. 一个靠近蜂箱,另一个远离蜂箱,几棵大树之外. beyond prep（复习） ①在……那边，越过（场所） The house is beyond the bridge.房屋在桥的那边。 I can not see anything beyond the river because of the fog 由于雾，河的那边我什么也看不见。 ②（指时间）超出，晚于 Don't stay out beyond 10 o’clock.不要在外边停留到10点钟还不回家。 ③超出，为……所不能及（程度） Your work is beyond all praise你的作品真让人赞扬不尽。 He lives beyond his income 。他的生活入不敷出。 beyond one's control 无法控制；无法管理 The watch is beyond repair . 手表无法修理了 This problem is far beyond me /my comprehension 这个问题超出了我的能力/理解力 12. come to light 发现，暴露 Much more new evidence has come to light，so the judges have to sentence the man to death. 新的证据不断发现，所以法官不得不判这人死刑。 When the old woman died，it came to light that she was actually very rich. 老太太死后，人们发现她其实很富有。 13. compare A with B 把A与B比较一下（复习） Compare British English with American English，and you can tell the differences between them. 把美国英语与英国英语比较一下，你就会发现它们之间的不同点。 compare A to B把A比作B Poets have compared sleep to death.诗人把睡眠比作死亡。 compared to...=compared with...与……比起来 Compared to/with the earth，the sun is much bigger.与地球比起来，太阳要大得多。 14. come up ①前进，进来 My mother came up to me and held my hands tightly.母亲走向前紧紧地抓住我的手。 ②上升 The sun came up at that time.那时太阳已升起来了。 He has stayed underwater for 2 minutes，but he hasn’t come up yet. 他在水下呆了2分钟了，还没上来。 ③长出，发芽 These seeds haven’t come up yet.这些种子还没有发芽。 ④被提出讨论 The question came up at the meeting yesterday.这个问题在昨天的会议上被提出来了。 ⑤与come有关的短语： come about发生； come across 碰见，受欢迎； come at袭击； come down下降，流传 come out with 说出，透漏； come to oneself苏醒 15. include vt.（复习） 包括，包含 Your duty includes putting the baby to the bed.你的职责包括让孩子上床睡觉。 There are five chapters in this book，including two chapters written by our teacher. 这本书有5章，包括由我们老师写的两章。 Everyone will go to the cinema，Lao Xiao included.每个人都要去电影院，包括老肖。 16. transparent adj. ①透明的;清澈的 。 ②显而易见的;一目了然的[+that] It was transparent that her pride was hurt.很显然,她的自尊心受到了伤害。 ③坦率的,光明正大的 He is a man of transparent sincerity. 他是一个坦率诚恳的人。 11.surrounding n. 环境;周围的事物[P] He didn't pay much attention to his surroundings. 他没有多注意他周围的环境。 adj. 周围的;附近的 Foxes started coming in from the surrounding countryside. 狐狸开始从附近的乡下跑进来。 17. apparent ①adj 表面的,外观的;未必真实的 The apparent cause of his illness was excessive drinking, but the real cause was his deep grief at his wife's death. 他生病的表面原因是饮酒过度,但实际原因是丧妻之痛。 ②明显的,显而易见的;明白无误的 [(+to)][+that] It was apparent that he was in no condition to travel. 他的健康状况显然不宜旅行。 18. So another astonishing fact came to light. 于是又发现一个令人惊讶的情况。 come to light 暴露,真相大白 The scandal came to light when the politician was seen with the lady. 当有人看到那位政客跟那位女士在一起时,真相就大白了。 A political scandal has recently come to light. 最近一桩政治丑闻暴露出来 19. maximum （反minimum） ① n.最大量,最大数,最大限度[C][(+of)] Our goal is to achieve the maximum of efficiency. 我们的目标是取得最高的效率。 ②顶点;(法定的)最高极限;(公路行车的)最高速[the S][(+of)] Drivers must not exceed a maximum of 55 miles an hour. 司机不得超过每小时五十五英里的最大时速。 ③adj. 最大的;最多的;最高的;顶点的 The maximum speed of this car is 150 miles per hour. 这辆车的最大时速为一百五十英里。 20. precise adj. ①精确的;准确的;确切的；丝毫不差的；恰好的 I can’t give you a precise date. 我无法告诉你确切的日期。 at the precious moment 正在那时 ②明确的;清晰的 His instructions were not very precise. 他的指示不太明确。 ③严格的;细致的 We had precise orders to come home by nine o’clock. 我们得到严格的命令须于九点前回家。 ④刻板的,拘泥的 He was very precise in his manners. 他的一言一行都有板有眼。 21. adequate ①adj.能满足需要(量)的,足够的[(+for)][+to-v] Martin thought that he had no adequate proof.马丁认为他没有充足的证据。 Is your salary adequate to support your family ?你的薪水足够养家吗？ ②适当的；适当的[(+to/for)对于…]（不置于名词前） a solution adequate to the problem 适合这个问题的解决方法 ③胜任的 [(+to)] She proved adequate to the job. 事实证明她能胜任此项工作。 ④尚可的,差强人意的 That hotel is merely adequate. 那家旅馆只能说是差强人意。 22. clarify vt. ①澄清;阐明 His explanation clarified the mystery. 他的说明解开了这个谜。 ②净化 It requires of us great efforts to clarify sewage in cities. 净化城市的污水需要我们很大的努力。 ③使清楚,使清醒 My mind was clarified on this issue. 对这个问题我的头脑变得清楚了。 23. changeable adj. ①易变的;不定的 His temper’s been changeable this week, so don’t annoy him. 这星期他脾气变化无常,所以不要惹他生气。 ②可改变的,可能被改变的 ③闪光的;闪色的 changeable silk 闪光丝绸 24. adaptation n. ①适应,适合[U] He made a quick adaptation to the new environment. 他很快适应了新的环境。 ②改编,改写[U];改写本 [C] This play is an adaptation of a novel. 这一剧本是由小说改编的。 25. Von Frisch assumed that the dance conveyed more information. 冯•弗里希想弄清这种舞蹈能不能说明喂食处有多远. assume vt. 表示“假设，主观认为，假定； ①assume that… We assumed that you understood the situation.我们认为，你了解形势。 ②assume +名词+（to be）+名[形] . I assumed him to be an honest man。我认为他是个诚实的人。 ③assuming和given, supposing，provided/providing（that）等词一样都可以引导状语作用相当于if. Supposing your father saw you playing computer games , what would he say? =if your father saw …… Assuming that the weather is favourable, Farmers will have a good harvest 假如风调雨顺，今年农民将获丰收。 Given that it doesn't rain tomorrow，I will go camping.如果明天不下雨，我就会去野营 另：assuming自负的，傲慢的，过分自信的 ④assumed 假装的，假的；假定的，设想的： an assumed cheerfulness伪装的高兴 an assumed result假定的结果， His look of astonishment was assumed.他那惊讶的样子是装出来的。 ⑤assumption假定，假想 I was under the assumption that you were coming tomorrow. 我原以为你明天来。 My assumption that he had passed the exam was wrong . 我本以为他已通过了考试，结果我错了。 26. He marked all the bees that came to the nearby feeding place blue, and all the bees that went to the faraway place were marked red. 他给所有来到近的喂食处的蜜蜂标上蓝色，给飞到远的喂食处的蜜蜂标上红色。faraway(远方的)是由 far ＋ away构成的合成形容词。 nearby(附近的)是由 near ＋by构成的合成形容词。它们在句中都作定语。 a faraway forest远处的森林 faraway times遥远的时代 a nearby hotel附近的一家旅店 nearby hills附近的小山 注意：faraway在作定语时通常都连写，作表语或作状语时则分写(far away)。如： The house is not far away. 那座房子并不远。 He lives far away from the school. 他住得离学校很远。 nearby既可作定语，又可作状语；既可以连写(nearby)，也可以分写(near by)，还可以加连字符(near-by)。 I saw her going to a near-by post-box before lunch. 我看到她午饭前去附近的信箱投信。 They live nearby----less than a kilometer. 他们住在附近，不到一公里。 He gave up his seat to the old man standing near by.他把座位让给站在附近的老人了。 27. Indeed, many primates, most notably human being, have learnt to make and use tools. 事实上，最显著的例子就是人类，已经学会了制造工具和使用工具。 notably adv. (1) 值得注意地；愿意地；引人注目地；显然地 Many members are notably absent from the meeting. 许多会员很明显地未出席会议。 (2) 尤其地；特别地 Many members were absent, notably the vice-chairman. 许多会员尤其是副职未出席会议。 28. ---- even if they sometimes feast on things we may fine disgusting, such as insects and ants.尽管有时候它们会吃些我们可能要作呕的东西，如昆虫和蚂蚁。 feast on / feast …on… 宴请（某人），款待；尽情地吃 He feasted his friends on turkey. 他宴请朋友（吃火鸡）。 We feasted all evening (on the best food and drink). 我们整个晚上大吃大喝。 引申为“使愉悦”“使得到享受”。 She feasted her eyes on the beauty of the valley.她饱览山谷的秀色 disgusting adj.使人反感的，讨厌的 Smoking is a disgusting habit. 吸烟是一种令人讨厌的坏习惯。 What a disgusting smell! ——Is it coming from the drains? 多难闻的气味 ！是从阴沟里冒出来的吗？ She was disgusted at (with) her boss. 她对她的老板 感到很厌恶 。 disgust vt. 使厌恶 His ideas disgust me; they are terrible. 他的一些想法使我很反感，它们实在是太可怕了。 III. 典型例题 一. 单项选择： 1. How can you ___ these two books apart? A. say B. speak C. tell D. divide 答案：C 分析：tell …apart：把……区分开。 2. He has worked on the research for many years, but something that he hopes for doesn’t ___. A. come to lights B. come to a light C. come to lighting D. come to light 答案：D 分析：come to light发现，暴露，出现．他所希望的东西没有出现。 3. ___ to what it used to be, great changes have ____ place here. A. Comparing; taken B. Compared; been taken C. Comparing; been taken D. Compared; taken 答案：D 分析：___ to what it used to be做状语；Compared to…：与……相比；take place没有被动语态。 4. Not only did he __ on delicious dishes, but also __ on the beautiful scene. A. feast; took B. take; feasted C. feed; took D. feast; feasted 答案：D 分析：feast on：饱餐；欣赏美景。他不仅饱餐了美味，而且也欣赏到了美景。 5. In some countries, ___ is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all the people. A. which B. that C. what D. who 答案：C 分析：what is called….：所谓的……___ is called “equality”是what引导的主语从句。 6. Life in the city is quite different from ___ in the country. A. that B. one C. the one D. which 答案：A 分析：that指代前面的Life；that作为代词用于比较的句子，特指在不同范围的名词。 7. Kids talk frequently about what they can do, __ many adults do the opposite, tending to talk about what they can’t and why. A. and B. so C. for D. while 答案：D 分析：前后两句内容明显表示“对比”，用while连接两个句子。 Useful phrases: Warming up，listening and speaking 1. get hold of 抓住 2. tell the truth说实话 3. What’s the problem with…? ……怎么了？ 4. take turns轮流，依次 5. hold a debate进行辩论 6. summarize your argument总结你的结论 7. restate your opinion重述你的论点 8. background information背景资料 Reading 9. live in large groups群居 10. one after another一个接一个 11. little dots of color有颜色的小点 12. the feeding table喂食的桌子 13. make a circle to the right向右转一圈 14. convey information传递信息 15. a curious sight奇妙的景象 16. in a straight line沿直线 17. come to light显露，为人所知 18. the remaining questions剩下的问题 19. communicate precise details传递精确的细节 20. an adequate account一个详细的说明 21. a thin stream一根直线 22. make a beeline for sb. \ sth.径直朝……走过去 23. come to a conclusion得出一个结论 Integrating skills 24. living creatures生物 25. share certain characteristics具有某些共性 26. have a sense of有……的感觉 27. make a distinction区别 28. give birth to产生，生产 29. social animals群居动物 30. facial expressions面部表情 31. warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事 32. make \ do \conduct an experiment做个实验 33. make much sense有很大意义 34. be of great importance具有很大重要性 35. have physical adaptations有身体上的适应性 36. keep in touch with保持联系 37. adapt to a changeable environment适应多变的环境 38. keep track追踪；注意 |
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