2007年10月24日
Unit 9 Health Care 知识点
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Unit 9 Health Care 重点单词解释： 1. abuse n. [C,U] 滥用；妄用 [U] 虐待 [U] 漫骂；刻薄的话 v. 辱骂；滥用，妄用 abusive adj. 骂人的； 辱骂性的 the dangers of drug abuse 滥用药物的危险 e.g. He was accused of abusing his position for personal gain. 有人控告他以权谋私。 2. insurance n. [U] 保险；保险业 "保险"通常用insure / insurance，英式英语用assure / assurance作"保险"时，多限于"人寿保险"。 (Br. E) life assurance (Am. E) life insurance "人寿保险" take out an insurance policy 投保 life (health / car / travel / household ) insurance 人寿保险 / 健康保险 / 汽车保险 / 旅游保险 / 家庭财产保险 3. what's worse (= worse still) 更糟糕的是 to make matters / things worse 使情况等更困难/糟糕/ 严峻 go from bad to worse 日趋恶化；每况愈下 none the worse 没受到损害 worse luck 无辜，可惜，不幸，真糟 so much to worse 那就更糟 worse off 与to make things worse 类似的结构还有： to tell the truth 说实话 to be exact 确切地说 to be honest 说实话，诚实一些 4. allowance n. [C,U] 津贴；补足；零花钱 make (an) allowance for sth. （在做决定时）考虑到某事物 make allowances for sth. 体谅（照顾）某人 a clothing / subsistence / travel allowance 服装（生活/ 旅途）津贴 You must take allowances for him because he has been ill. 你应该体谅他，因为他一直病着。 5. fundamental adj. 基本的，根本的 n. (pl.) 基本原则；基本法则 fundamentally adv. 基本上；本质上 e.g. There is a fundamental difference in attitude between these two politicians. 这两位政治家的态度有着根本的区别。 If the boys are going to camp for ten years, they'll need to know the fundamentals of cooking. 如果这些孩子要野营十天，他仍需要知道烹调的基本知识。 6. pressure n. [U] 压，挤； [C,U] 压力 put pressure on (= bring pressure to bear on ) 对……施压 under pressure 在压力下 e.g. These gas container will burst at high pressures. 在高压下这些瓦斯容器会爆炸。 7. consult vt. & vi. 请教，咨询；查阅，参考；向（医生）求诊 consultation n. 请教；咨询 consultative adj. 咨询的 consultant n. 顾问；咨询者 consult one's pillow 彻夜思考 consult sb. 向某人请教 consult with sb. 与……交换意见；商议，商量 8. statistics n. (pl.) 统计数字 [U] 统计学 Statistics indicates that 90% of homes in this country have a television. 统计数字显示本国九成家庭有电视机。 9. fee n. [C] （私立学校的）学费；（付给医生、律师等的）专业服务费；（加入俱乐部等的）会费doctor's fee医生的会诊费 What's the membership fee? 会费是多少钱？ Pay the lawyer's fees 付律师费 If you want to join, there's an entrance fee of $20 and an annual membership fee of $10. 入会须缴入会费20美元，年费为10美元。 区别：fee / tip / tuition 费用 1）、fee指酬金或交纳的费用，通常指提前付给专业人员或做某项特殊工作的人。 2）、tip 指小费，赏钱；常指付给脚夫、餐馆服务员、出租车司机等的小费。 3）、tuition指学费。 10. significance n. 重要性；意义；价值 significant adj. 重要的；重大的；意义深远的 be of no / little significance 无关紧要的 The peace talks have taken on a new significance now that there has been a change of leadership. 由于领导层已有变动，和平谈判也就有新的意义了。 This is one of the most significant studies of the subject. 这是该课题最重要的研究成果之一。 a significant smile 意味深长的微笑 11. lay off 解雇；不理会；使下岗 lay aside 把……搁置一旁；留存，储存 lay down 放下，交出；规定，制定 lay out 摆出，铺开，展开；安排，布置 lay over 作短暂停留 lay up 使卧床不起 12. incident n. [C] "事件"，在指"比较不重要的小事件" event 指有重要意义的历史事件，重大事件 occurrence 指"任何发生的事情" be incident to 易发生于，随着……而来的，对……是难免的 II. 单元知识点 1. be diagnosed with vt. 诊断疾病 The plastic surgeon diagnosed my illness as a rare bone disease. 整形外科医生诊断出我的病是一种罕见的骨病。 The general practitioner diagnosed the illness of the baby as pneumonia. 全科医生把小儿的病诊断为肺炎。 2. suffer from 与suffer 区别 受苦；受难 She was suffering from a headache. 她正经受头痛之苦。 Many people suffer from a great dread of heights. 许多人非常畏高。 遭受（磨难） to suffer death 丧生 The enemy forces suffered heavy casualties by their own admission. 敌军自己承认伤亡惨重。 3. depending on （常与on, upon连用）视情况而定 That depends. 视情形而定。 It all depends on how you tackle the problem. 那要看你如何应付这问题而定。 （常与on 连用）信任，信赖；需要 Can I depend on you? 我可以信任你吗？ I haven't a car, I have to depend on the buses. 我没有汽车，只能靠公共汽车。 4. thanks to 由于; 多亏, 因为 Camp meals are no great problem. Neither are beds, thanks to air mattresses and sleeping bags. 野营的饭食不是大问题，床也不是。多亏了空气垫和睡袋。 引申：常见的表示“因为”的词组：owing to, because of, on account of, as a result of, due to, for the reason of 等。 5. in time to do sth 赶得上做。。。 You are just in time to speak at the meeting. 6. prevent …from doing （常与from连用）阻止；制止；妨碍 We were prevented by heavy smog from seeing anything. 浓雾使我们看不到任何东西。 What prevented you from joining us last night? 昨天晚上什么事使你不能参加我们的晚会? 8. aimed vt., vi. （常与at连用）瞄准；对准 He aimed with the gun. 他用枪瞄准。 She aimed a pistol at the bandit point-blank. 她用手枪直接瞄准强盗。 He aimed the gun at the enemy officer. 他用枪瞄准了敌军官。 以…为目标 I aim to be a lawyer. 我要当个律师。 He aimed to swim a mile. 他的目标是游一英里。 The factory must aim at developing new models of machines. 该工厂必须致力于研制新型机械。 n. 瞄准；对准 The hunter took aim at wolf. 猎手瞄准狼。 目标；目的 What is your aim in life? 你生活的目的是什么? His aim was to swim a mile. 他的目标是游一英里。 The aim is not just to keep busy. 其目的不仅是为了使每个人不致闲着。 9. access to n. 进入；通道 There is no access to the street through that door. 穿过那个门没有通向大街的路。 The only access to that ancient castle is along a muddy track. 到那座古老城堡去的唯一通道是一条泥泞小路。 使用；接近 easy of access 易于接近 Students need access to books. 学生需要使用书本。 He gave me free access to his library. 他让我随意进他的藏书室 10 consult vt. 参考；查阅；咨询 I consulted George about buying a car. 我向乔治请教购买小汽车的事。 I must consult my principal on this matter. 这件事我必须与委托人商量一下。 （常与with连用）商量；请教 11. nor can they 看半倒装 1) 在结果状语从句句型so …that …中，如果强调so…放在句首，主句需要部分倒装。 So excited was she at the news that she couldn”t say a word . 听到这个消息，她是如此激动，以致于一句话也说不出来。 2) only放在句首，强调状语（副词，介词短语或状语从句等），全句语序要部分倒装。 Only in this way can we get in touch with them . Only because he was ill was he absent from school . 注意：only放在句首，强调主语时，语序不必倒装。 Only Mr Wang knows about it . 3) 带有否定意义的词放在句首，语序需要部分倒装。常见的词语有： not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than …rarely, little, hardly, nowhere, at no time, by no means, in no way, in/under no circumstances, in vain, much/even/still less, no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely…when, not a single word, not a soul, not frequently, not longer, not often, not only…but also, not until…等。 Little did I think he was a spy . 我一点也没想到他是一个间谍。 Hardly had I reached home when it began to rain . No sooner had I entered the room than the phone rang . Not only does radio enable people to send words, music, and codes to any part of the world, it can also be used to communicate far in to space. We have been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs. Not until the game had begun did he arrive at the sports ground. Scarcely had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her. Nowhere was the lost car to be found. 4) 在虚拟语气中，倒装代替条件。 Should he be here next week , he would help us with the problem . Were there no light , we could see nothing . 5) 用于某些表示祝愿的句子。 May you succeed ! 祝你成功！ Long live France ! 法兰西万岁！ 6) 当比较和方式状语从句中主语不是人称代词时，常可在主语前添加与前面呼应的助动词或情态动词，构成倒装结构，例如： Mammals have a larger, more well-developed brain than do other animals. He traveled a great deal as did most of his friends. Pure iron can not be hardened by heating and cooling as can steel, because iron lacks the necessary carbon. 7) 让步状语从句可引起倒装，例如： Be he king or slave (=Whether he is a king or a slave), he ought to be punished Come what may (=What may happen), we’re not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable demands 12. as was the case with Wang Lin 特殊的定语从句 13. warn 用法vt. （常与of, against连用）警告；提醒；告诫 She warned me about the dangerous road, so I crossed it carefully. 她提醒我这条马路很危险，因此我过马路小心翼翼。 （常与that连用）事先通知 The whistle warned visitors that the ship was ready to sail. 汽笛通知旅客船即将启航。 Integrating skills 1. as a result of , result from , result in 2. consider 用法 vt., vi. 考虑；思考 I am considering going abroad. 我正在考虑出国。 The court would not even consider his claim for the old man's legacy. 法庭根本不会考虑他所提出的对老人遗产的要求。 Let me consider. 让我考虑一下。 认为；以为 I consider it a great honor. 我认为这是极大的荣幸。 We consider that the driver is not to blame. 我们认为这不是司机的过错。 3. it was not until …that 强调句用法 It was not until I called her from behind that she found me. 在强调句型中，not until置于句首构成倒装句以及until放在句首时，均不能用till替换until。例如： It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began. 直到1920年才开始有定期的无线电广播。 Notuntil12o”clock last night did Tom come back.（倒装句） 昨晚直到十二点汤姆才回来。 Until I was 20 I had never been away from my hometown. 我二十岁以前，从未离开过家乡。 4. search for 5. of even greater significance = significant 引申：常见类似结构还有：be of importance, be of necessity, be of value 等等。 6. despite prep. 不管；不顾；即使 Despite the bad weather we enjoyed our holiday. 尽管天气不好，我们的假期仍过得很愉快。 7. lack n. （常与of连用）缺乏；需要 There is no lack of vegetable. 蔬菜不缺。 The lack of rain aggravated the serious lack of food. "由于干旱少雨,缺粮问题更加严重。" 【词性变化】 lack vt. 缺乏；不足；没有 He lacks courage. 他缺乏勇气。 Owing to lack of time, we cannot do more than what we have done. 由于时间不够，我们只能做到这样。 Their actions lack consistency; they say one thing and do another. " 他们言行不一,说的是一回事,做的又是另一回事。" vi. 短少；不足；需要 Something is lacking. 缺少点什么东西。 Is she lacking in courage? 她缺乏勇气吗? 8. when asked about his discovery… 分词做状语时，经常放在连词when, while, if , unless 之后。 If invited, I will go to attend the conference. Unless paid special attention to, the orchid is hard to grow. While doing sport, you lose the most calories. When scolded by his boss, he remained silent. III. 单元词组总结 Warming up 1. 支付医疗 pay for medical treatment 2. 致力于; 献身于 be devoted to doing 3. 滥用药品 drug abuse 4. 提供医疗保险 offer medical insurance 5. 被确诊为… be diagnosed with … 6. 改善卫生状况 improve sanitation 7. SARS的突然出现 the SARS outbreak 8. 采取步骤干 take steps to do sth. Speaking 8. 作决定；下结论 reach a decision Reading 9. 胸部常常疼痛 suffer from constant pain in the chest 10. 一位下岗工人 a laid-off worker 解雇；不理会；使下岗 lay off 11. 更糟糕的是 make matters worse 12. 以……的价格；以……为代价at the cost of … 13. 从银行贷款 take a bank loan 14. 以半价甚至更低的价格 at half the cost or less 15. 买保险 buy/ get/purchase insurance 16. 目标是…… aim at 17. 提供……的方便 provide easy access to 18. 谋生 make a living 19. 仅供基本生活费用 cover the most basic/fundamental needs 20. 给…施压，添加压力 put pressure on 21. 咨询医生 consult a doctor 22. 保持健康的饮食 keep a healthy diet 23. 陷入贫困 be forced into poverty/ fall into poverty 24. 阻止艾滋病的蔓延 stop/ prevent the spread of AIDS 25. 应对挑战 meet the challenge 26. 伴随...发生, 与...一起供给come with 27. 摆脱，丢掉，除去，消灭 get rid of 28. 得到适当的治疗 get treated properly 29. 使收支平衡 make ends meet 30. 对…认真 be serious about Language study & Grammar 31. 计划经济与市场经济 a planned economy and a market economy 32. 由于;幸亏 thanks to 33. 淋雨 get caught in the rain 34. 归还所有的债务 pay back all the debts 35. 成衣 ready-made clothes 36. 取笑某人 make fun of sb. Integrating skills 37. 受到致命的感染 suffer deadly infection 38. 打扫干净, 整理 clean up 39. 为……而激动 be excited about 40. 缺乏兴趣 the lack of interest 41. 使自己处于好的情绪 put oneself in a good mood 42. 制定一个目标 set a goal 43. 给自己奖励 give oneself a reward 44. 一系列的项目 a series of programmes 45. 打算,计划 design … for…/ be designed for. 46. 使负重担 be burdened with ... 47. 国有企业 state-owned companies |
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